Yet feeding dogs & cats a vegan diet raises other moral questions for the conscientious vegan. For one, is it truly healthy to feed these animals a vegan diet despite claims of complete nutrition posed by the companies that produce such products? And do we have the right to impose our ethics on another species, to such an extent that we alter basic fundamentals like their natural dietary preferences?
There are good ethical arguments to be made on both sides of the coin. Animal nutritionists - and I would be inclined to agree - point out that an unnatural diet heavy in vegetable matter is largely the reason why dogs and cats have so much diet related illness to begin with. For an obligate carnivore like the cat, vegan diets present certain health obstacles, and while it would stand to reason that fortified nutrition should solve these issues, I am yet to see any lengthy peer-reviewed studies on the validity of vegan diets for felines OR canines.
AAFCO does not require extensive trials before approving foods. There is no requirement to study the life-long effects of a given diet. What's more, AAFCO standards deal with animal nutrition the way we've approached human nutrition. We cut everything down into percentages while ignoring the importance of nutrient context and nutrient interactions. Food science is so complex that it is constantly evolving, and the more we research, the more one thing becomes glaringly apparent: processed diets are poor nutrition - for humans and other animals.
The best nutrition for a dog or cat, point blank, is a diet based in varied whole animal proteins, and for dogs, some plant proteins as well. Ideally an obligate carnivore like the cat should be feeding on whole prey items, not pellets or canned foods. Ideally an omnivore like the dog should have varied nutrition from plant and animal sources, not a limited scope of one or two types of protein mixed with an abundance of soy, corn, and wheat. And neither animal should have a diet dominated by vegetable products alone.
Despite this, it is inarguable that feeding meat to dogs and cats conflicts with vegan moral philosophy. There is very little room for grey area on the matter of animal exploitation, and meat is the product of animal exploitation regardless of if it is fed to those on two legs or those on four. For the dedicated vegan, imposing veganism on one's dog or cat seems like the only viable option.
I, however, would challenge the assumption that the only options are to support the meat industry or feed a vegan diet to dogs and cats. My solution is a simple one: vegans should adopt animals that are naturally herbivorous by nature. The third most populated companion animal in the United States is the rabbit. Rabbits are strict herbivores by nature, and unlike dogs and cats, which generally receive proper care in typical homes due to their elevated status as "members of the family," most rabbits short of those kept by enthusiasts receive improper care - even in the homes of well meaning "animal lovers." Qualified adopters are sorely needed for rabbits, and vegans are the perfect candidates to fill these shoes.
Rabbits are hardly the only naturally herbivorous companion available to vegans. Parrots and Green Iguanas are two additional species with exponential surrender rates to exotic animal rescues and shelters, and both thrive on a vegan diet. Both also require highly dedicated, specialized care - perfect for someone with a high regard for animal well being like a vegan. Once reared in captivity these exotic animals are not candidates for return to the wild, so homes willing to provide for their extensive needs as non-domesticated animals are the only option - an option we can offer.
There are also several vegetarian-leaning omnivores that do well on a vegan diet. Omnivores exist in a spectrum; there are animals that consume predominantly plant matter and enrich their diets with animal products, and there are animals that consume predominantly animal matter and enrich their diets with plant matter. Canines fall into the latter category; animal products are a critical part of their nutrition and indeed most thrive even in the absence of plant matter. Their opposites can thrive on an absence of animal matter and require plant matter as critical nutrition. These animals are far better candidates for a vegan diet than a creature like a dog.
Rodents are primarily granivores, and while granivores by nature consume some animal matter (generally invertebrates) when available, they are very capable of adapting to a vegan diet with plant-based protein items. Mice, rats, hamsters, and gerbils have a very low standing in society and are frequently subjected to abuse and exploitation. They can easily be fed a balanced vegan diet to maintain health and make wonderful companions for vegans who live in cramped quarters. Guinea pigs, degu, and chincillas are primarily grazing rodents with no need for animal matter in their diet, and also are in need of adopters.
Finally, vegan homes may be a good option for some of the meekest creatures on earth: humble fish and invertebrates, some of the most ignored and mistreated creatures on the planet. There are many algae-grazing, herbivorous fish species that a vegan may open their home to, and a quick browsing of any pet placement classifieds will show that fish routinely are want for good homes. Though less commonly in need of rescue and adoption, exotic invertebrates such as tropical millipedes and cockroaches are also sometimes offered for adoption, and make for fascinating companions.
In short: it is our duty and obligation as vegans to avoid the exploitation of animals whenever possible, but it is also our duty to protect the health and well being of any companion animals we elect to share our homes with. A vegan diet for a dog or cat is of questionable integrity, particularly in the case of the latter, so a very appropriate compromise for a vegan who wishes to welcome a rescued animal into his or her home is to seek out a naturally herbivorous species. There is no shortage of vegan-friendly companion animals in rescues and shelters across the country. Please, adopt an herbivore.
Image (c) Cats & Rabbits & More
